Impact of pain on health-related quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of variables affecting HRQOL

Variable	Mean (95% CI)1	P value
Sex
Female	45.3 (43.0-47.6)	0.607
Male	46.1 (43.4-48.8)
EIM
Yes	48.1 (46.0-47.7)	0.004
No	43.3 (40.2-46.4)
Pain LUQ
Yes	44.6 (41.1-48.2)	0.398
No	46.8 (43.9-50.0)
Pain LLQ
Yes	43.0 (41.0-45.6)	0.001
No	48.3 (45.6-51.1)
Pain RUQ
Yes	46.5 (43.2-49.8)	0.511
No	44.8 (41.6-48.1)
Pain RLQ
Yes	45.5 (43.1-47.8)	0.778
No	45.9 (43.0-48.8)
GI-related surgeries
Yes	46.0 (42.7-49.3)	0.738
No	45.4 (43.1-47.6)
Variable	Regression coefficient estimate2	P value
Age (yr)	0.075	0.244
IBD duration (mo)	0.004	0.635
Pain intensity (0-100 mm)3	-1.734	< 0.0001

Although sex does not affect HRQOL (P = 0.6), EIM (P = 0.0043) and pain in the lower left abdomen (P = 0.0014) do have a significant effect on HRQOL. In addition, pain intensity itself affects HRQOL, whereas sex and disease duration do not influence HRQOL.

¹Adjusted means from analysis of covariance (ANCOVA);

²Change in HRQOL per variable unit increase;

³Visual analog scale (VAS). LUQ: Left upper quadrant; LLQ: Left lower quadrant; RUQ: Right upper quadrant; RLQ: Right lower quadrant.