Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Table 2 The incidences of adverse fetal outcomes reported in the literature

Study period	Number of cases (controls)	Preterm delivery (< 37 wk)	Abnormal CTG (timing)	Apgar score ≤7 (min)	Meconium staining of amniotic fluid	PPH (> 500 mL)	References
1951-1983	100 (156)	38%	-	-	-	7%	[12]
		38% U
1963-1976	42 (42)	39%	-	-	-	19%	[4]
		39% S
1965-1974	56	36%	14% (NS)	-	27%	9%	[38]
		36% S	8 B		NS
1971-1972	116 (116)	-	19% (labour)	7% (1)	28%	-	[13]
			3% LD	3% (5)	7% < 37 wk
			16% B or T		21% > 37 wk
1971-1974	100 (100)	-	-	10% (1)	12%	-	[23]
				8% (5)	NS
1975-1984	83	44%	-	-	45%	-	[46]
		44% S			10% < 37 wk
					35% > 37 wk
1979-1981	18	-	-	-	58.30%	22%	[39]
					NS
1980–1981	117	-	14% (antepartum)	10% (NS)	16.20%	-	[48]
			4% (labour)		NS
1988-1990	320 (320)	19%	12.8% (NS)	8% (1)	38%	-	[18]
		12% S		2% (5)	13% < 37 wk
		7% I			25% > 37 wk
1988-1995	79 (792)	14%	2% (NS)	None	44%	-	[57]
		14% S	2% B		NS
1989-1995	50	60%	-	-	-	2%	[56]
		60% U
1989-1997	206	27%	-	1% (5)	21%	-	[20]
		4% S			5% < 37 wk
		23% I			16% > 37 wk
1990-1996	91 (16, 818)	14%	20% (labour)	8% (1)	15%	-	[11]
		14% U		2% (5)	NS
1999-2001	70	17%	-	-	14%	17%	[30]
		6% S			4% < 37 wk
		11% I			10% > 37 wk
1999-2002	690 (44, 792)	12%	7%3	7%3	25%	-	[25]
		12% U
1999-20031	352	38%	-	-	-	-	[31]
		16% S
		22% I
2000-2007	122	4%	-	8% (1)	13%	7%	[49]
		4% S		2% (5)
2003-2005	8	50%	-	-	62%	-	[14]
		50% U			NS

S: Spontaneous preterm labour; I: Iatrogenic preterm labour; U: Unspecified preterm labour; NS: Not specified; B: Bradycardia; T: Tachycardia; LD: Late decelerations; PPH: Post-partum hemorrhage; -: Not reported.

¹Cases were recruited between 1999 and 2003, but the affected pregnancies had occurred from 1986;

²Controls in this study had a history of stillbirth in a previous pregnancy;

³Glantz et al[25] report findings of asphyxial events (defined as operative delivery due to abnormal CTG, post-partum umbilical artery pH < 7.05 or Apgar score < 7 at 5 min).