Current preventive treatment for recurrence after curative hepatectomy for liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma: A literature review of randomized control trials

Table 4 RCTs of immunotherapy

Authors	Treatment protocol	Sample size(Tx/Ctl)	Observationtime	DFS Tx vs Ctl	OS Tx vs Ctl	Conclusions
Lygidakis et al[8]	Surgery+post-operative HAI	40 (20/20)	3 yr	NA	Median	Beneficial
	immunochemotherapy				20 vs 11 (mo)
	vs surgery alone				(P < 0.05)
Lygidakis et al[33]	Post-operatively locoregional	45 (33/15)	NA	NA	Median	Beneficial
	immunochemotherapy vs				20.3 vs 9.9 (mo)
	post-operatively locoregional
	chemotherapy
Lygidakis et al[34]	Locoregional chemoimmunotherapy	122 (62/60)	NA	2-yr	2-yr 92% vs 75%	Beneficial
	with systemic chemotherapy vs			66% vs 48%	5-yr 73% vs 60%
	systemic immunochemotherapy
Elias et al[35]	Preoperative rIL-2 continuous	19 (12/7)	NA	NA	NA	Beneficial
	intravenous infusion					(well tolerated
						and reverse
						postoperative
						immunodepression)
Gardini et al[36]	Post-operative TIL+IL-2	45 (25/22)	NA	1-, 3-, and 5- yr	1-, 3-, and 5-yr	Not beneficial
	vs post-operative+chemotherapy			No difference	No difference

Tx: treatment; Ctl: control; DFS: disease-free survival; OS: overall survival; NA: not available.