Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Nephrol. May 6, 2016; 5(3): 224-232
Published online May 6, 2016. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i3.224
Sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease
Stephanie C Maung, Ammar El Sara, Cherylle Chapman, Danielle Cohen, Daniel Cukor
Stephanie C Maung, Ammar El Sara, Cherylle Chapman, Danielle Cohen, Daniel Cukor, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
Danielle Cohen, City University of New York Queens College, Queens, NY 11367, United States
Supported by a NIH grant to Dr. Cukor (MD006875) (in part).
Conflict-of-interest statement: No conflicts of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Daniel Cukor, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States. daniel.cukor@downstate.edu
Telephone: +1-718-2702077
Received: October 1, 2015
Peer-review started: October 9, 2015
First decision: November 6, 2015
Revised: November 26, 2015
Accepted: March 7, 2016
Article in press: March 9, 2016
Published online: May 6, 2016
Abstract

Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morbidity and mortality burden. The complex and dynamic relationship between sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain relatively little investigated. This article presents an overview of sleep disorders in patients with CKD, with emphasis on relevant pathophysiologic underpinnings and clinical presentations. Evidence-based interventions will be discussed, in the context of individual sleep disorders, namely sleep apnea, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and excessive daytime sleepiness. Limitations of the current knowledge as well as future research directions will be highlighted, with a final discussion of different conceptual frameworks of the relationship between sleep disorders and CKD.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, End-stage renal disease, Renal replacement therapy, Hemodialysis, Kidney transplantation, Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, Disorders of excessive somnolence, Intrinsic sleep disorders, Parasomnias, Restless legs syndrome, Sleep apnea, Dyssomnias, Circadian rhythm disorders, Melatonin

Core tip: Sleep disorders have a profound and well-documented impact on overall health and quality of life in the general population. In patients with chronic disease, sleep disorders are more prevalent, with an additional morbidity and mortality burden. The complex and dynamic relationship between sleep disorders and chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain relatively little investigated. This article presents an overview of sleep disorders in patients with CKD, with emphasis on relevant pathophysiologic underpinnings and clinical presentations.