Copyright
©The Author(s) 2017. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Apr 18, 2017; 8(4): 290-294
Published online Apr 18, 2017. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i4.290
Published online Apr 18, 2017. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i4.290
Orthopaedic education in the era of surgical simulation: Still at the crawling stage
Kivanc Atesok, Peter MacDonald, Jeff Leiter, James Dubberley, Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3E4, Canada
Richard Satava, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2840, United States
Ann VanHeest, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
Shepard Hurwitz, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
J Lawrence Marsh, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
Author contributions: All authors contributed to this manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: We kindly indicate that we have no conflict of interest related to above entitled manuscript.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Kivanc Atesok, MD, MSc, Sports Medicine and Upper Extremity Reconstruction Fellowship Program, Pan Am Clinic, Department of Surgery, Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Manitoba, 75 Poseidon Bay, Room 229, Winnipeg, MB R3M 3E4, Canada. kivanc.atesok@utoronto.ca
Telephone: +1-204-9257480 Fax: +1-204-4539032
Received: October 15, 2016
Peer-review started: October 19, 2016
First decision: November 30, 2016
Revised: December 18, 2016
Accepted: January 11, 2017
Article in press: January 14, 2017
Published online: April 18, 2017
Peer-review started: October 19, 2016
First decision: November 30, 2016
Revised: December 18, 2016
Accepted: January 11, 2017
Article in press: January 14, 2017
Published online: April 18, 2017
Core Tip
Core tip: Simulation-based surgical skills training outside the operating room has become essential for modern trainees due to restricted work-hours, cost pressures, emphasis on patient safety, and the increasing number of minimally invasive and technically challenging procedures. Orthopaedic surgery has fallen behind some other surgical specialties in integrating surgical simulation into its curriculum due to several obstacles. The authors aim to clarify these obstacles and suggest solutions for a smooth transformation to simulation-based curriculum in orthopaedic surgery.