Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Orthop. Nov 18, 2016; 7(11): 709-717
Published online Nov 18, 2016. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v7.i11.709
Depression and psychiatric disease associated with outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Hao-Hua Wu, Max Liu, Joshua S Dines, John D Kelly, Grant H Garcia
Hao-Hua Wu, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Hao-Hua Wu, Jordan Medical Education Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Max Liu, Stanford School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, United States
Joshua S Dines, Grant H Garcia, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
John D Kelly, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
Author contributions: Wu HH, Liu M and Garcia GH helped review the literature for this article and wrote and edited all aspects of the manuscript; Dines JS and Kelly JD designed the study, wrote and edited all aspects of the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: Joshua S. Dines has received fees for serving as a speaker for Arthrex, Biomet and CONMED Linvatec. Dr. Dines serves on the editorial or governing board of American Journal of Orthopedics and Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. Dr. Dines serves as a Board or committee member for the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons. Dr. Dines. Receives publishing royalties from Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. John D Kelly IV has received publishing royalties from Springer and SLACK Incorporated. Dr. Kelly serves as a Board or committee member for the Academy of American Orthopaedic Surgeons, Arthroscopy Association of North American, Eastern Orthopaedic Association and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine. Dr. Kelly serves on the Editorial or Governing board of Orthopedics and Orthopedics today. Hao-Hua Wu, Max Liu and Grant Garcia MD have nothing to disclose.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Dr. Hao-Hua Wu, Jordan Medical Education Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, 5th Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States. haohuawu@gmail.com
Telephone: +1-806-7905735 Fax: +1-215-3498312
Received: March 11, 2016
Peer-review started: March 12, 2016
First decision: May 19, 2016
Revised: July 12, 2016
Accepted: August 17, 2016
Article in press: August 18, 2016
Published online: November 18, 2016
Core Tip

Core tip: A difference exists between patients suffering from psychiatric disease, such as depression, and those with psychological constructs, such as pain catastrophization, that hinder sport performance. The former may require clinical evaluation by a mental health professional. The latter may be dealt with through counseling and physical therapy. When assessing a patient with anterior cruciate ligament injury, it may be useful to screen for symptoms of hopelessness and anhedonia that have persisted for at least two weeks, two inquiries found on the Patient Health Questionnaire 2 (PHQ-2). Patients who respond positively to the PHQ-2 should be referred for further evaluation and counseled accordingly.