Paniagua JA. Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome. World J Diabetes 2016; 7(19): 483-514 [PMID: 27895819 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483]
Corresponding Author of This Article
Juan Antonio Paniagua, PhD, Insulin Resistance, Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. japaniaguag@yahoo.es
Research Domain of This Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Article-Type of This Article
Review
Open-Access Policy of This Article
This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2016; 7(19): 483-514 Published online Nov 15, 2016. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i19.483
Nutrition, insulin resistance and dysfunctional adipose tissue determine the different components of metabolic syndrome
Juan Antonio Paniagua
Juan Antonio Paniagua, Insulin Resistance, Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Juan Antonio Paniagua, Endocrinology and Nutrition Services, University Hospital Reina Sofia, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
Author contributions: Paniagua JA was responsible for drafting and finalizing the manuscript and final approval.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The author has no potential conflict of interest.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Juan Antonio Paniagua, PhD, Insulin Resistance, Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Unit, Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. japaniaguag@yahoo.es
Telephone: +34-95-7011235 Fax: +34-95-7011235
Received: March 24, 2016 Peer-review started: March 25, 2016 First decision: May 13, 2016 Revised: August 16, 2016 Accepted: September 7, 2016 Article in press: September 9, 2016 Published online: November 15, 2016
Core Tip
Core tip: Central obesity, the insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypoalphalipoproteinemia, hypertension and fatty liver are grouped in the so-called metabolic syndrome (MetS). In subjects with MetS an energy balance is critical to maintain a healthy body weight, mainly limiting the intake of high energy density foods. However, high-carbohydrate rich (CHO) diets increase postprandial peaks of insulin and glucose. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are also increased, which interferes with reverse cholesterol transport lowering high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, CHO-rich diets could move fat from peripheral to central deposits and reduce adiponectin activity in peripheral adipose tissue. All these are improved with monounsaturated fatty acid-rich diets. Lastly, increased portions of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids also decrease triglyceride levels, and complement the healthy diet that is recommended in patients with MetS.
