|
|
|||
|
| |||
| |||
|
李蕴铷, 欧蔚妮, 谢雯, 北京地坛医院肝病二科 北京市 100011
Abstract METHODS: The data, including general information, clinical characteristics, and results of biochemical, immunological and pathological examinations, of 142 AIH patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Most of AIH patients were women, with a mean age of 52.57 ± 14.85 years old, and the ratio of male to female was 1︰3.73. Of all the patients, 42.3% were presented with chronic hepatitis, 34.5% with acute hepatitis, 9.9% with severe hepatitis and 13.4% with cirrhosis. The main clinical manifestations included fatigue (97.2%), inappetence (84.5%), jaundice (84.5%), fever (19%), nausea (14.1%), and abdominal swelling (12.7%). AIH patients complicated with primary biliary cirrhosis covered a percentage of 14.1%, and those complicated with other autoimmune diseases covered 17.6%. Biochemical examination showed elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin. High level of g-globulin and immunoglobulin G were tested in most patients. The percentages of patients with Type 1 AIH and Type 2 AIH were 92.2% and 6.3%, respectively, while there was only 1 case with Type 3 AIH. A total of 21 kinds of auto-antibodies were detected, including ANA (72.4%), SMA (19.7%), AMA (19%), anti-SSA (9.2%), etc. Hepatocyte denaturation, necrosis and plasmocyte infiltration were demonstrated in all of the 19 patients received liver biopsy, and fibrosis was found in 17 cases and bile duct injury in 1 case. CONCLUSION: AIH occurred more frequently in females, and the onset and clinical features are not typical. Type 1 AIH is the most common one. There are many categories of antibodies in AIH, but the antibodies with higher specificity and sensibility should be further studied. Hepatocyte denaturation, necrosis, plasmocyte infiltration and fibrous proliferation are dominant histological features. Key Words: Autoimmune hepatitis; Immunology; Pathology; Clinical characteristic Li YR, Wei L, Wang WB, Wang PZ, Zhang LY, Ou WN, Xie W, Cheng J. Clinical, immunological and pathological characterization of autoimmune hepatitis: an analysis of 142 cases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006;14(36):3534-3538
方法: 回顾性分析142例AIH患者的一般资料、临床特点、生化检查、免疫学检查和自身抗体的结果. 结果: 142例AIH患者男女比例1∶3.73, 发病年龄为52.57±14.85岁, 首次发病诊断分别为慢性肝炎(42.3%)、急性肝炎(34.5%)、重型肝炎(9.9%)和肝硬化(13.4%); 临床表现主要为乏力(97.2%)、纳差(84.5%)、黄疸(84.5%)、发热(19.0%)、恶心(14.1%)和腹胀(12.7%)等. 生化检查显示, ALT、AST、TBIL水平升高. AIH亚型中Ⅰ型多见(92.2%), Ⅱ型少见(6.3%), Ⅲ型罕见, 仅1例. AIH重叠 原发性胆Ö性肝硬化(PBC)占14.1%, 合并其他自身免疫性疾病占17.6%. 免疫学检测显示, g球蛋白和IgG升高明显. 自身抗体检测出不同类型21种, 以抗核抗体(82.4%), 抗平滑肌抗体(19.7%), 抗线粒体抗体(19%), 抗SSA抗体(9.2%)多见. 肝活检19例, 均可见不同形式的肝细胞变性, 坏死和浆细胞浸润, 17例患者存在不同程度的纤维增生, 1例有胆管轻度破坏. 结论: AIH女性多见, 发病和临床表现无特异性, 生化检查以肝细胞损伤为主, Ⅰ型AIH最多见, 检出自身抗体种类较多, 但特异性和敏感性较高的自身抗体尚待进一步研究. 肝组织学改变主要为不同程度的肝细胞变性, 坏死, 浆细胞浸润和纤维增生. 胆管破坏少见. 关键词: 自身免疫性肝炎; 免疫学; 病理学; 临床特征 李蕴铷, 魏来, 王文冰, 王培之, 张黎颖, 欧蔚妮, 谢雯, 成军.
自身免疫性肝炎临床、免疫学及病理学特征分析142例. 世界华人消化杂志 2006;14(36):3534-3538
0 引言
1 材料和方法 统计学处理 采用SPSS11.5进行统计学处理, 应用t检验.
2 结果
2.2
免疫学指标 142例AIH中有111例具有完整的免疫学检查结果,
其中70%患者g球蛋白大于正常值上限;
IgM, C3, C4水平无明显升高; 69.6%患者IgG水平高于正常值上限;
56.7%患者ESR值高于正常值上限(表2). 2.3 自身抗体检测 142例AIH患者中共检出各类自身抗体21种, 其中ANA阳性为117例(82.4%), SMA阳性者28例(19.7%), AMA阳性者27例(19.0%), 抗SSA阳性者13例(9.2%), 抗SSB阳性者2例, 抗LC1阳性者6例, 抗RNP阳性者5例, 抗Sm抗体阳性者4例, 抗PCA和抗LAK抗体阳性者各3例, 抗ACA、抗LMA抗体阳性者各2例, 抗LSP抗体阳性者、抗波形蛋白抗体、抗肌动蛋白抗体、抗SLA抗体、抗高尔基抗体、抗溶酶体抗体、抗双链DNA抗体、抗Link18KD抗体和ANCA阳性者各1例. 根据自身抗体结果将AIH分为3个亚型: Ⅰ型AIH患者131例(92.2%), Ⅱ型AIH患者9例(6.3%), Ⅲ型AIH患者1例. 2.4 肝脏病理学改变 19例患者均可见不同形式的肝细胞变性, 坏死和浆细胞浸润. 变性主要为嗜酸样变性(10例)和气球样变性(5例), 水样和脂肪变性相对少见(各1例); 9例为点状坏死, 6例为碎屑样坏死, 4例桥接坏死, 2例小叶内融合坏死; 汇管区浆细胞浸润最为常见, 有部分患者存在窦周淋巴细胞的浸润; 17例患者在汇管区和窦周存在不同程度纤维组织增生, 2例存在纤维间隔, 1例存在小叶结节增生; 有1例考虑重叠PBC患者存在胆管破坏. 2.5 治疗和随访 79例AIH患者应用甘草酸类药物治疗, 住院疗程35.38±16.57 d, 出院时78.9%获得缓解, 出院后继续口服同类药物; 21例AIH患者应用强的松治疗, 始量为40-60 mg/d, 以后逐渐减量, 住院疗程38.21±23.30 d, 出院时80.9%获得缓解, 出院后继续减量后予7.5-10 mg/d维持. 出院时两组缓解率无显著性差异(P>0.05). 24例患者进行了平均14±5 mo的随访, 其中应用甘草酸类药物组13例, 有9例(69.2%)复发, 强的松组11例, 有3例(27.3%)复发.
3 讨论 4 参考文献 1 Jacobson DL, Gange SJ, Rose NR, Graham NM. Epidemiology and estimated population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 84: 223-243 PubMed 2 Alvarez F, Berg PA, Bianchi FB, Bianchi L, Burroughs AK, Cancado EL, Chapman RW, Cooksley WG, Czaja AJ, Desmet VJ, Donaldson PT, Eddleston AL, Fainboim L, Heathcote J, Homberg JC, Hoofnagle JH, Kakumu S, Krawitt EL, Mackay IR, MacSween RN, Maddrey WC, Manns MP, McFarlane IG, Meyer zum Buschenfelde KH, Zeniya M. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 1999; 31: 929-938 PubMed 3 Czaja AJ, Freese DK. Diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis. Hepatology 2002; 36: 479-497 PubMed 4 Choudhuri G, Somani SK, Baba CS, Alexander G. Autoimmune hepatitis in India: profile of an uncommon disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2005; 5: 27 PubMed 5 Omagari K, Kinoshita H, Kato Y, Nakata K, Kanematsu T, Kusumoto Y, Mori I, Furukawa R, Tanioka H, Tajima H, Koga M, Yano M, Kohno S. Clinical features of 89 patients with autoimmune hepatitis in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. J Gastroenterol 1999; 34: 221-226 PubMed 6 Nikias GA, Batts KP, Czaja AJ. The nature and prognostic implications of autoimmune hepatitis with an acute presentation. J Hepatol 1994; 21: 866-871 PubMed 7 Matsumoto T, Morizane T, Aoki Y, Yamasaki S, Nakajima M, Enomoto N, Kobayashi S, Hashimoto H. Autoimmune hepatitis in primary Sjogren's syndrome: pathological study of the livers and labial salivary glands in 17 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Pathol Int 2005; 55: 70-76 PubMed 8 Tanaka H, Tujioka H, Ueda H, Hamagami H, Kida Y, Ichinose M. Autoimmune hepatitis triggered by acute hepatitis A. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 6069-6071 PubMed 9 Toda G, Zeniya M, Watanabe F, Imawari M, Kiyosawa K, Nishioka M, Tsuji T, Omata M. Present status of autoimmune hepatitis in Japan--correlating the characteristics with international criteria in an area with a high rate of HCV infection. Japanese National Study Group of Autoimmune Hepatitis. J Hepatol 1997; 26: 1207-1212 PubMed 10 Csepregi A, Treiber G, Rocken C, Malfertheiner P. Acute exacerbation of autoimmune hepatitis induced by Twinrix. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11: 4114-4116 PubMed 11 谭立明, 董叶, 曹莉萍, 李华, 蔡莉莉, 王园园. 自身免疫性肝炎患者自身抗体的测定及意义. 世界华人消化杂志 2006; 14: 2801-2805 WCJD 12 Lankisch TO, Strassburg CP, Debray D, Manns MP, Jacquemin E. Detection of autoimmune regulator gene mutations in children with type 2 autoimmune hepatitis and extrahepatic immune-mediated diseases. J Pediatr 2005; 146: 839-842 PubMed 13 Baeres M, Herkel J, Czaja AJ, Wies I, Kanzler S, Cancado EL, Porta G, Nishioka M, Simon T, Daehnrich C, Schlumberger W, Galle PR, Lohse AW. Establishment of standardised SLA/LP immunoassays: specificity for autoimmune hepatitis, worldwide occurrence, and clinical characteristics. Gut 2002; 51: 259-264 PubMed 14 Czaja AJ, Menon KV, Carpenter HA. Sustained remission after corticosteroid therapy for type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: a retrospective analysis. Hepatology 2002; 35: 890-897 PubMed 15 Manns MP, Vogel A. Autoimmune hepatitis, from mechanisms to therapy. Hepatology 2006; 43: S132-S144 PubMed
电编
李琪 编辑 王晓瑜
| |||