100023 北京市2345信箱 世界华人消化杂志  2002年1月15日;10(1):32-35
Email: wcjd@public.bta.net.cn 世界华人消化杂志  ISSN 1009-3079  CN  14-1260/R
http:// www.wjgnet.com 版权归世界胃肠病学杂志社

研究原著

白藜芦醇合用5-FU对小鼠移植肝癌H22生长的影响

刘红山,潘承恩,齐咏,刘青光,刘学民


刘红山,潘承恩,刘青光,刘学民,西安交通大学第一医院肝胆外科 陕西省西安市 710061
齐咏,西安交通大学第一医院呼吸科  陕西省西安市 710061
刘红山,男,1972-2生,河南商丘人,汉族.1995年新乡医学院本科毕业,现 西安交通大学第一医院肝胆外科博士,主治医师.主要从事肝胆胰肿瘤方面的研究,发表论 7篇.
项目负责人  刘红山,710061,西安交通大学第一医院肝胆外科.  Doctor200000@sina.com.cn
电话: 02952529112336
收稿日期  2001-10-21  接受日期  2001-11-08


Effect of resveratrol with 5-FU on growth of implanted H22 tumo r in mice

Hong-Shan Liu, Cheng-En Pan,Yong Qi, Qing-Guang Liu, Xue-Min Liu

Hong-Shan Liu, Cheng-En Pan, Qing-Guang Liu, Xue-Min Liu,Departm ent of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'An JiaoTong Universi ty, 710061, Shannxi Province, China.
Yong Qi, Department of respiratory diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'An Ji aoTong University, 710061,Shannxi Province,China.
Correspondence to: Dr Hong-Shan Liu, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery ,First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'AnJiaoTong University, 710061,Shannxi P rovince,China.  Doctor200000@sina.com.cn
Received  2001-10-21  Accepted  2001-11-08


Abstract
AIM:To study the effect of resveratrol with 5-FU on the grow th of implanted H22 tumors in mice.

METHODS:The total number of 2
×105 cells were injected through  27G tuberculin needle into the abdominal cavities of 6 Balb/c mice. After 5d -7d, the total number of 2×105 cells drained from the abdominal cavities wer e injected into the abdominal wall of 70 Balb/c mice. Two days after injection  of H22 cells, 70 Balb/c mice were divided into 7 groups at random, which were  injected with resveratrol (1000mg·kg-1),resveratrol (1500mg·kg-1),5-FU(1000mg·kg-1),5-FU+ resveratrol (1000mg·kg-1+ 1000mg· kg-1),5-FU+ resveratrol (1000mg·kg-1 +1500mg·kg-1) and n ormal solution for 10drespectively. On d 11, mice were weighed and white blood  cells were calculated before Balb/C mice were sacrificed and their thymasses and spleens were excised and weighed. 

RESULTS:The inhibitive rates were 31.5%,45.5%,48.7%,78.1%,90.0% and 97.2%
respectivelyP<0.05);5-FU+ resveratrol (1000mg·kg-1+ 1000mg·kg-1) and 5-FU+resveratrol(1000mg·kg-1+1500mg·kg-1) could significantly enhance the inhibitive rate of 5-FU and increase white blood cells (30.8%), thymasses(35.4%), spleens (28.1%)and the phagocytizing rate  and index(84.1% and 36.5%)(P<0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:Resveratrol could increase the inhibitive rates of t umor of 5-FU and prevent toxicities induced by 5-FU when combined with 5-FU i n Balb/C mice.

Liu HS, Pan CE, Qi Y, Liu QG, Liu XM.Effect of resveratrol with 5-FU o n growth of implanted H22 tumor in mice.
Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2002;10(1): 32-35


 
目的:
测定白藜芦醇合用5-FU对小鼠移植肝癌H22生长及其毒性的影响.

方法
:
将含1.0×109的肝癌细胞悬液0.2mL,接种在6Balb/c小鼠腹腔 .5d-7d,抽取小鼠腹水离心计数后,2.0×109的肝癌细胞悬液0.2mL注射到70Balb/  c小鼠腹股沟皮下,于接种第二天,随机分为7,瘤旁分别注射白藜芦醇500mg·kg-1, 1000mg·kg-1,1500mg·kg-1,5-FUmg·kg-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU10 00mg·kg-1+1000mg·kg-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU1500mg·kg-1100 0mg·kg-1)及等量的生理盐水,连续10d,观察毒性反应,停药后2d,称质 量,同时处死小鼠,采血计白细胞数,切除肿瘤、胸腺及脾脏,称取质量,计算抑瘤率; 时检测巨噬细胞吞噬功能.显微镜及透射电镜下观察肝癌细胞病理变化及凋亡情况.

结果
:
白藜芦醇500mg·kg-1,1000mg·kg-1,1500m g·kg-1,5-FU1000mg·kg-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU1000mg·kg-11000mg·k g-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU1500mg·kg-11000mg·kg-1)可抑制Ba lb/c小鼠肝癌移植瘤的生长,其抑瘤率分别为31.5%, 45.6%,48.7%,78.1%,90.0% 97.2%,与对照组比较差异显著(P<0.05),与5-FU合用可显著增加其抑瘤率(P <0.05.不同剂量白藜芦醇与5-FU配伍合用,白细胞数提高30.8%P<0.01;胸腺 重量提高35.4%(P<0.01);脾脏重量提高28.1%(P<0.01),与对照组比较差异显著( P<0.01);吞噬率及吞噬指数分别提高84.1%36.5%P<0.05.透射电镜下白藜 芦醇体内可诱导鼠肝癌细胞H22的凋亡,有典型的细胞凋亡形态学特征.

结论
:
不同剂量的白藜芦醇与5-FU配伍,能显著增强5-FU对小鼠 移植瘤H22的抑瘤率,且对5-FU具有一定的增效减毒作用.

刘红山,潘承恩,齐咏,刘青光
, 刘学民. 白藜芦醇合用5-FU对小鼠移植肝癌H2 2生长的影响.世界华人消化杂志 2002;10(1):32-35



0 
引言
在肿瘤联合化疗中配伍用生物调节剂,已受到各国学者的普遍重视.特别是从中药植物中的 提取物与化疗药物的合理配伍,大大提高了肿瘤的疗效.白藜芦醇现证实具有抗肿瘤特性和 抗氧化性、抗突变作用,可影响癌症过程中的3个阶段:启动阶段、促进阶段和进展阶段 1-3.但未见到白藜芦醇与化疗药物合用的抗肿瘤及其对机体非特异性免疫的影响的 报道.我们研究了白藜芦醇对5-FU增效作用及其毒性影响,报道如下:

1 
材料和方法
1.1  材料
白藜芦醇购自Sigma公司(用二甲基亚酚溶解) ;小鼠肝癌H22细胞有本校免疫病理教研室提供,在含100g·L-1青霉素、100g·L -1链霉素及含10mL·L-1小牛血清RPMI1640(购于Gibco公司)中培养;76Balb/ C小鼠(购于西安交通大学医学院实验动物中心)雌雄兼用;体质量(20±2g.5-FU购于 西安交通大学第一医院西药房.
1.2 
方法 将复苏的肝癌H22细胞加入2mL3mLmL·L -1小牛血清、100g·L-1青霉素及100g·L-1链霉素的RPMI-1640 胞培养液,于37,50mL·L-1CO2培养箱中培养2d3d后传代,轻轻吹打细胞成单 细胞悬液并稀释.调节并计数成1.0×109·L-1.将含1.0×109·L-1的肝 癌细胞悬液0.2mL,接种在6Balb/c小鼠腹腔10d,抽取小鼠腹水离心计数后,1.0×10 9·L-1的肝癌细胞悬液0.2mL分别注射到70Balb/c小鼠腹股沟皮下,于接种第 二天,随机分为7,瘤旁分别注射白藜芦醇500mg·kg-1,1000mg·kg-1,150 0mg·kg-1,5-FUmg·kg-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU1000mg·kg-11000 mg·kg-1,白藜芦醇+5-FU1500mg·kg-11000mg·kg-1)及 等量的生理盐水,连续10d,观察毒性反应.停药后2d,切除肿瘤并称质量,计算抑瘤率,抑瘤 率公式:肿瘤抑瘤率=(1-用药组瘤质量/对照组瘤质量)×100%.停药后2d,称取体质量, 断头采血计白细胞数,同时切取胸腺及脾脏并称质量,计算二者指数.停药前1d,腹腔注射 鸡红细胞悬液0.5mL/只,24h后处死动物,依文献法进行实验,求出吞噬率及吞噬指数.并取肿瘤组织用25g·L-1戊二醛和10g·L-1司氧化锇(TAAB)固定细胞,乙醇系列脱水,透射电镜观察经白藜芦醇处理后的肝癌细胞超微结构的变化及凋亡情况.
      统计学处理  所得数据以均数±标准差表示,采用SPSS8.0统计软件 行计数资料的卡方检验,P<0.05P<0.01为显著性差异.

2 
结果
2.1  小鼠实验性肝癌生长的抑制
白藜芦醇各组单用及与5-FU 用能显著抑制小鼠肝癌移植瘤的生长,与对照组比较,差异显著(P<0.011);且与5 -FU合用时能提高5-FU的抑瘤率;5-FU抑瘤率较高,同时其毒性反应也较重,主要表现为厌 食、腹胀、精神萎靡、消瘦等症状;而白藜芦醇各组单用时无此症状,与5-FU合用时证状 较轻,厌食、腹胀及消瘦不明显.

1  白藜芦醇ip单用及与5-FU合用对实验性肝癌的抑瘤率

药物 剂量(mg·kg-1 n(/) 瘤质量(g 抑瘤率(%
阴性对照组 10/9  1.81±0.62
白藜芦醇1 500 10/8 1.24±0.40 31.5a
白藜芦醇2 1000 10/9 0.99±0.35 45.6a
白藜芦醇3 1500 10/10 0.93±0.25 48.7a
5-FU 1000 10/8 0.40±0.06 78.1
5-FU+白藜芦醇2 1000+1000 10/9 0.18±0.06 90.0c
5-FU+白藜芦醇3 1000+1500 10/8 0.05±0.02 98.2c

aP<0.05 vs 对照组;cP<0.05 vs 5-FU.

2.2 
白细胞下降及免疫器官萎缩 不同剂量白藜芦醇单 用可升高小鼠白细胞数(P<0.052),与5-FU配伍合用对5-FU所致小鼠白细胞减少 和免疫器官萎缩有明显保护作用,与单用5-FU组比较,白细胞数提高30.8%P<0.05; 胸腺重量提高35.4%(P<0.05);脾脏重量提高28.1%(P<0.05).

2  白藜芦醇对5-FU所致白细胞下降及免疫器官萎缩的影

分组  白细胞数(106·L-1 胸腺质量(mg·g-1 脏质量(mg·g-1
阴性对照组 7.0±0.6 3.2±0.6 3.7±0.9
白藜芦醇1 9.0±0.8 3.4±1.3a 3.7±0.5a
白藜芦醇2 9.4±0.6 3.5±1.2a 3.7±0.5a
白藜芦醇3 10.0±0.5a 3.6±1.3a 3.9±o.5a
5-FU 5.4±0.4 2.4±0.4 2.9±0.5
5-FU+白藜芦醇组2 8.4±0.8c 3.1±0.3c 3.7±0.6c
5-FU+白藜芦醇组3 8.6±0.4c 3.3±0.6c 3.6±0.4c

aP<0.05 vs对照组;cP<0.05 vs 5-FU.

2.3 
小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能 不同剂量的白 藜芦醇与5-FU配伍组可明显提高5-FU所致小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞功能降低,与单用5-FU组相 比较.吞噬率分别提高42.0%P<0.053)和84.1%P<0.01;吞噬指数分别提21.3%P<0.05)和36.5%P<0.05.

3  白藜芦醇对5-FU所致小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能降低的影响  X±s

分组 吞噬率(% 吞噬指数
对照组 42.8±1.8 1.06±0.20
白藜芦醇组1 47.3±1.6 1.10±0.18
白藜芦醇组2 48.7±1.6 1.15±0.19
白藜芦醇组3 53.8±1.9 1.19±0.18
5-FU 20.9±1.8 0.70±0.03
5-FU+白藜芦醇组2 29.6±2.9a 0.85±0.05a
5-FU+白藜芦醇组3 38.4±3.8b 0.95±0.06a

aP<0.05 vs 5-FU组;bP<0.01 vs 5-FU.

2.4 
肝癌H22 细胞超微结构对照组细胞表面不规则,可 见双核及多核,胞质内可见较丰富的线粒体及内质网,表明癌细胞代谢旺盛,间质内可见肿 瘤血管丰富(1);处理组细胞的超微结构观察表明,经白藜芦醇处理的肝癌细胞,形态不规 则,电子密度增加,染色质积聚,部分细胞发生核固缩(图2.白藜芦醇+5-FU:细胞的 超微结构观察表明,有超微结构的损害性改变:形态不规则,胞质内细胞器减少、消失,细 胞核固缩,电子密度增加,细胞质空泡变,部分细胞核发生固缩,细胞分裂出大小不一有膜 状物包裹的小体,即凋亡小体(图3.

1  核大,胞质内可见较丰富的线粒体及内质网,表明癌细胞代谢旺盛   (×5000)

2 癌细胞形态不规则,电子密度增加,染色质积聚

3 形态不规则,胞质内细胞器减少、消失,细胞核固缩,电子密度增加,细胞分裂出大 小不一有膜状物包裹的小体,即凋亡小体


3  讨论
白藜芦醇分子式是C14H12O3,化学结构式是3415-三羟基--二苯乙烯.传统的乡村草药如虎杖等含有白藜芦醇,但他最丰富的天然资源是葡萄.但在4年前,白藜芦醇才引起人们的注意,被作为“法国的迷惑”(France Paradox)可能的解释—即法国人吃高脂肪食物而心脏病发病率较低4,而且发现白藜芦醇能减少血小板的聚集及血栓的形成和减少冠状动脉粥样心脏病的发生56. 随着对白藜芦醇研究的深入,许多作者发现他具有抗肿瘤特性和抗氧化性、抗突变作用,可显著性抑制人口腔鳞状细胞癌SCC-25及人上皮癌细胞的生长和DNA的合成7-9;能诱导人白血病细胞系HL60、人单核白血病细胞系THP-1及淋巴瘤细胞系BJAB的凋亡及阻止S期及G2期的形成10-15;可抑制结肠癌细胞的扩增并可抑制环氧化酶活性阻止结肠癌的形成16-19;能直接抑制人乳腺癌细胞的扩增,且不依靠细胞上的雌激素受体20-24;可抑制前列腺癌细胞的扩增,并可诱导核染色质DNA片断(凋亡)25.另一方面,白藜芦醇不诱导正常的人造血干细胞的凋亡;可增强人的非特异性免疫反应,并且抑制肿瘤进展过程中细胞扩增.DNA合成所需的核苷酸还原酶26.白藜芦醇具有抗肺癌细胞、抗肝癌细胞的生长和入侵27-31及肝癌HepG2裸鼠移植瘤的活性32;白藜芦醇也能使肝成纤维细胞失活,阻止肝癌细胞的形成等活性33.但还没有见到白藜芦醇与化疗药物合用抗肿瘤及对机体非特异性免疫的影响的报道.
      我们证实不同浓度的白藜芦醇可对Balb/c小鼠肝癌移植瘤的生长产生显著性抑制效果,且随着剂量的增加,抑瘤率显著增加,证实白藜芦醇具有抗肿瘤作用;白藜芦醇(1000mg·kg-1)及白藜芦醇(1500mg·kg-1)与5-FU合用,均能提高5-FUBalb/c小鼠肝癌移植瘤H22瘤谱的抑瘤率,与单用5-FU相比较,P<0.05,则说明白藜芦醇能明显增强化疗药物5-FU对小鼠移植肿瘤的抑瘤效果.5-FU抑瘤率较高,同时其毒性反应也较重,主要表现为厌食、腹胀、精神萎靡、消瘦等症状;而白藜芦醇各组单用时无此症状,与5-FU合用时症状较轻,厌食、腹胀及消瘦不明显.因此,白藜芦醇可减少化疗药物5-FU对机体的毒性反应.
      为进一步证实白藜芦醇对非特异性免疫的影响,我们检测小鼠体内的白细胞数,胸腺及脾脏的影响.结果证实不同剂量的白藜芦醇与5-FU合用组的白细胞数,与单用5-FU组比较,随着白藜芦醇浓度的增加白细胞数分别提高22.8%(P<0.05)30.8%(P<0.05);胸腺重量分别提高27%(P<0.05)35.4%(P<0.05);脾脏重量分别提高26%(P<0.05)28.1%(P<0.05);吞噬率分别提高42.0%P<0.05)和84.1%P<0.01;吞噬指数分别提高21.3%P<0.05)和36.5%P<0.05),则说明白藜芦醇对5-FU所致小鼠白细胞减少、免疫器官萎缩等毒副反应都有显著保护作用,且可阻止化疗药物所致的小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞吞噬功能降低,具有非特异性免疫功能.因此,白藜芦醇也许可作为一种生物反应调节剂,这对于临床上提高抗癌化疗药物的治疗指数、降低毒性副反应及延长患者的寿命,也许具有重要的意义.
      电镜下可见,经白藜芦醇处理的肝癌细胞,形态不规则,电子密度增加,部分细胞核发生固缩;经白藜芦醇+5-FU组处理的肝癌组织中H22细胞有超微结构的损害性改变:胞质内细胞器减少、消失,细胞核固缩,电子密度增加,细胞质空泡变,最后胞膜凸出,出现凋亡小体等;而对照组肝癌细胞结构无明显损害,细胞表面有较多的微绒毛,胞质内可见较丰富的线粒体及内质网.本实验白藜芦醇组及白藜芦醇+5-FU组诱导H22细胞的形态特征均同文献报道的细胞凋亡的特征形变化一致,提示白藜芦醇可诱导肝癌细胞的凋亡,且能促进5-FU诱导肝癌细胞的凋亡,但其确切机制还有待于进一步研究.

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