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World J Gastroenterol. Jan 21, 2014; 20(3): 613-629
Published online Jan 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.613
Published online Jan 21, 2014. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.613
Helicobacter pylori and autoimmune disease: Cause or bystander
Daniel S Smyk, Andreas L Koutsoumpas, Maria G Mytilinaiou, Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Institute of Liver Studies, Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King’s College Hospital, School of Medicine, King’s College London, London SE5 9RS, United Kingdom
Andreas L Koutsoumpas, Eirini I Rigopoulou, Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
Lazaros I Sakkas, Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece
Dimitrios P Bogdanos, Cellular Immunotherapy and Molecular Immunodiagnostics, Biomedical Section, CEntre for REsearch and TEchnology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.)/Institute for REsearch and Technology-THessaly (I.RE.TE.TH), 60361 Thessaloniki, Greece
Author contributions: Smyk DS and Bogdanos DP conducted the literature review, wrote the first and subsequent drafts, and edited the manuscript; Koutsoumpas AL, Mytilinaiou MG, Rigopoulou EI and Sakkas LI significantly contributed to the writing and editing of the manuscript.
Correspondence to: Dimitrios P Bogdanos, MD, PhD, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Mezourlo Campus, Biopolis, 41110 Larissa, Greece. dimitrios.bogdanos@kcl.ac.uk
Telephone: +30-241-3502766 Fax: +30-241-3502813
Received: September 30, 2013
Revised: November 25, 2013
Accepted: December 5, 2013
Published online: January 21, 2014
Revised: November 25, 2013
Accepted: December 5, 2013
Published online: January 21, 2014
Core Tip
Core tip: Multiple infectious agents have been implicated in the development of autoimmune disease. Helicobacter pylori is one pathogen which has been linked with multiple autoimmune diseases. This review will critically discuss a select few studies which have a larger evidence base, both in terms of positive and negative findings.