Brief Article
Copyright ©2010 Baishideng. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Aug 21, 2010; 16(31): 3936-3943
Published online Aug 21, 2010. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i31.3936
Helicobacter pylori CagA protein polymorphisms and their lack of association with pathogenesis
Nicole Acosta, Andrés Quiroga, Pilar Delgado, María Mercedes Bravo, Carlos Jaramillo
Nicole Acosta, Pilar Delgado, Carlos Jaramillo, Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, Los Andes University, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
Andrés Quiroga, María Mercedes Bravo, Infectious Agents and Cancer Research Group, National Cancer Institute, Bogotá 110411, Colombia
Author contributions: Delgado P, Bravo MM and Jaramillo C designed the research; Acosta N and Quiroga A performed the research; Acosta N, Quiroga A, Delgado P, Bravo MM and Jaramillo C analyzed data and wrote the paper.
Supported by Sciences Faculty, Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia and National Cancer Institute, Bogotá, Colombia, Grant No. 41030310-28 (to Bravo MM)
Correspondence to: Pilar Delgado, Associate Profesor, Molecular Diagnostics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biological Sciences Department, Los Andes University, Carrera 1 # 18A - 10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia. mdelgado@uniandes.edu.co
Telephone: +57-1-3394949   Fax: +57-1-3394949
Received: February 21, 2010
Revised: April 26, 2010
Accepted: May 3, 2010
Published online: August 21, 2010
Abstract

AIM: To investigate Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) CagA diversity and to evaluate the association between protein polymorphisms and the occurrence of gastric pathologies.

METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two clinical isolates of H. pylori cultured from gastric biopsies obtained from Colombian patients with dyspepsia were included as study material. DNA extracted from isolates was used to determine cagA status, amplifying the C-terminal cagA gene region by polymerase chain reaction. One hundred and six strains with a single amplicon were sequenced and results were used to characterize the 3’ variable region of the cagA gene. To establish the number and type of tyrosine phosphorylation motifs Glutamine acid-Proline-Isoleucine-Tyrosine-Alanine (EPIYA) bioinformatic analysis using Amino Acid Sequence Analyzer-Amino Acid Sequence Analyzer software was conducted. Analysis of the association between the number of EPIYA motifs and the gastric pathology was performed using χ2 test and analysis of the presence of EPIYA-C motifs in relation to the pathology was made by logistic regression odds ratios. Comparisons among EPIYA types found and those reported in GenBank were performed using a proportion test in Statistix Analytical Software version 8.0.

RESULTS: After amplification of the 3’ of the cagA gene, 106 from 122 isolates presented a single amplicon and 16 showed multiple amplicons. As expected, diversity in the size of the cagA unique fragments among isolates was observed. The 106 strains that presented a single amplicon after 3’cagA amplification came from patients with gastritis (19 patients), atrophic gastritis (21), intestinal metaplasia (26), duodenal ulcer (22) and gastric cancer. DNA sequence analysis showed that the differences in size of 3’cagA unique fragments was attributable to the number of EPIYA motifs: 1.9% had two EPIYA motifs, 62.3% had three, 33.0% had four and 2.8% had five motifs. The majority of tested clinical strains (62.3%) were found to harbor the ABC combination of EPIYA motifs and a significant statistical difference was observed between the frequencies of ABCC tyrosine phosphorylation motifs and Western strains sequences deposited in GenBank.

CONCLUSION: The present report describes a lack of association between H. pylori CagA-protein polymorphisms and pathogenesis. ABCC high frequency variations compared with Western-strains sequences deposited in GenBank require more investigation.

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori CagA-protein polymorphisms, Molecular characterization, Bioinformatic analysis, Pathogenesis, Cancer